qizilbash.

Qizilbash communities have a long history in Afghanistan,
especially in Kabul and other cities,
with a rich heritage of urban life and culture.

Kabul's old city and the Pul-e Khishti mosque beside the Kabul River, seen from the Noon Gun hill, photographed by Herbert Maeder in 1967

who they
are

Qizilbash heritage brings together a long historical presence, Persian language and literature, and a way of life closely tied to the cities of Afghanistan.

Guests celebrating together in the living room of a family home during a wedding in Kabul, photographed by Herbert Maeder in 1968

qizilbash heritage

A longstanding community whose presence in Afghanistan reaches back several centuries, with historic neighborhoods in Kabul and ties to other cities.Where They Live
Students taking notes in a classroom at Kabul University, photographed by Herbert Maeder in 1967

dari
& persian

Dari, the Afghan form of Persian, is commonly associated with many Qizilbash families, who are often linked with a long tradition of Persian poetry and learning.Community Life
The main street of the Kabul bazaar crowded with shoppers in the fruit season, lithograph after James Atkinson, 1842

urban communities

Each family and neighborhood has its own history, customs and ways of life, shaped by city life, trades, crafts and close community ties.Traditional Clothing
The Bala Hissar and the old city of Kabul seen from the upper citadel, lithograph after James Atkinson, 1842
Houses climbing the hillside of Sher Darwaza beside the old city wall of Kabul, 2009
An old building at the Charsoo crossroads in the old city of Herat, 2022
The rooftops of Herat's old city seen from the citadel, 2011
A panorama over the flat roofs of Kabul in 1976

WHERE THEY LIVE. Qizilbash communities are especially associated with Kabul, including historic neighborhoods of the old city, as well as other urban centers such as Herat and Kandahar. Communities also live in other parts of the country.

KBL

KABUL
Historic city neighborhoods

DR

DARI / PERSIAN
Commonly spoken

HRT

HERAT
Historic western city

URB

URBAN CENTERS
Communities across Afghanistan

tra­di­tion­al cloth­ing

clothing & regional styles

Traditional outfits may include long shirts and trousers,
worn with vests, coats and caps, alongside tailored city clothing.

Long dresses with trousers and headscarves are common traditional forms,
often with embroidery and jewelry worn for special occasions.

Clothing often reflects the wider urban styles of Afghan cities;
fabrics, colors and tailoring vary by city, generation and family.

Weddings and family celebrations may feature festive clothing,
including embroidered garments, fine fabrics and jewelry in some families.

community
and values

Mahomed Naib Shureef, described by the artist as a Qizilbash chief of Kabul, from a lithograph by James Rattray, 1848
Ties

Practices vary by city and family.

Hospitality

Welcoming guests

Tea

In many Qizilbash families, welcoming guests with tea, sweets and a shared meal is a valued tradition. Customs vary by city and household.

Family Ties

Across generations

Kin

Many families maintain close ties across generations, offering support and sharing celebrations. Relationships and responsibilities vary by household.

Respect for Elders

Experience & guidance

Care

Traditionally, elders are often valued for their experience and guidance in family and community life. Families express this respect in different ways.

City Life

Everyday community life

Life

Trades, crafts, learning and neighborhood life shape daily routines in many urban communities. Practices differ between cities and families.

Community Traditions

Shared cultural heritage

Ties

In many communities, poetry, music and family gatherings help pass cultural knowledge between generations.

traditions
& cultural identity

Qizilbash cultural heritage includes Persian language and literature, urban crafts, music and community traditions, many shared with other Afghan communities. Their expression varies by city, neighborhood and family.

DARI & PERSIAN

Dari and the wider Persian literary tradition help carry cultural knowledge between generations.

HOSPITALITY

Welcoming guests is a valued tradition in many Qizilbash families.

POETRY & LEARNING

Classical poetry, calligraphy and learning are cherished parts of Qizilbash heritage.

OLD CITY NEIGHBORHOODS

Historic quarters of Kabul reflect generations of urban community life.

MUSIC & ORAL TRADITION

Music, songs and storytelling connect generations through shared stories.

URBAN CUSTOMS

Local traditions reflect the diversity of Qizilbash communities across Afghan cities.