turkmen.

Turkmen communities have deep roots in Afghanistan,
especially across the north and northwest,
with a rich Turkic language and weaving heritage.

A Turkmen nomad tent camp near the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border in northern Afghanistan, 1970s

who they
are

Turkmen heritage brings together Turkic language, northern histories and renowned craft traditions.

Turkmen girls weaving a kilim on a floor loom in Dawlatabad, Balkh, 1976

turkmen heritage

A longstanding community with deep ties to northern and northwestern Afghanistan and a cultural presence in towns and villages across the region.Where They Live
Haq-Murat-Bay, a Turkmen landowner, buying carpets at the market in Aqcha, Jowzjan, late 1960s

language
turkmen

Turkmen, a Turkic language, is the main language associated with Turkmen communities. Many Afghan Turkmen also speak Dari or other local languages, depending on where they live.Community Life
Turkmen girls among shoppers at the bazaar in Dawlatabad, Balkh, 1976

regional diversity

Communities vary by location, with local customs shaped by life in northern towns, farming villages and the open plains near the border regions.Traditional Clothing
Melon sellers at the fruit bazaar in Dawlatabad, Balkh, 1976
Riders on horseback on the way to market in Aqcha, Jowzjan, 1968
Men seated in the shade in front of a house in Andkhoy, Faryab, 1939–1940
Riders crossing the steppe from Dawlatabad toward Turkmen settlements near the Zadyan minaret, Balkh, 1976
Panoramic view of Sheberghan, Jowzjan, 1976

WHERE THEY LIVE. Turkmen communities have a strong presence in northern and northwestern Afghanistan, including Faryab, Jowzjan, Balkh and nearby northern regions. Communities also live in Kabul and other parts of the country.

N

NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN
Strong historic presence

TK

TURKMEN
Main language

NW

NORTHWEST
Communities across the region

KBL

KABUL
Communities in the capital

tra­di­tion­al cloth­ing

clothing & regional styles

Traditional outfits may include long robes or chapan coats,
worn over tunics and trousers, sometimes with tall woolen hats.

Long dresses with trousers and headscarves are common traditional forms,
often in deep reds with fine embroidery and silver jewelry.

Fabrics, colors and stitchwork vary by location;
rich reds and geometric motifs echo patterns found in Turkmen weaving.

Weddings and family celebrations may feature festive clothing,
including embroidered garments, headdresses and silver ornaments in some regions.

community
and values

A Turkmen arbab, a local landowner, near Dawlatabad, Balkh, 1976
Ties

Practices vary by region and family.

Hospitality

Welcoming guests

Tea

In many Turkmen communities, welcoming guests with tea, bread and a shared meal is a valued tradition. Customs vary by location and household.

Family Ties

Across generations

Kin

Many families maintain close ties across generations, offering support and sharing celebrations. Relationships and responsibilities vary by household.

Respect for Elders

Experience & guidance

Care

Traditionally, elders are often valued for their experience and guidance. Families express this respect in different ways.

Local Customs

Everyday community life

Life

Greetings, markets, gatherings and everyday customs reflect local histories across the north. Practices differ between communities and families.

Community Traditions

Shared cultural heritage

Ties

In many communities, weaving, music and family gatherings help pass cultural knowledge between generations.

traditions
& cultural identity

Turkmen cultural heritage includes Turkic language and poetry, music, carpet weaving and community traditions, many shared with other Afghan communities. Their expression varies by region and family.

TURKMEN LANGUAGE HERITAGE

Turkmen language, poetry and song help carry cultural knowledge between generations.

HOSPITALITY

Welcoming guests is a valued tradition in many Turkmen communities.

CARPET WEAVING

Hand-woven carpets with distinctive patterns are a celebrated part of Turkmen cultural heritage.

MUSIC & ORAL TRADITION

Folk music, the dutar and oral storytelling connect generations through shared stories.

NOWRUZ

Traditionally, many families mark the arrival of spring with visits and festive meals.

REGIONAL CUSTOMS

Local traditions reflect the diversity of Turkmen communities across Afghanistan.